States Of Power System

1-The ill-conditions of power system

1)    If the system is heavy loaded where the values of Qload, Pload is high that have effect on active and reactive power flow in the system.

2)    If the system has lines with the ratio R/X < 3 (for these lines).

3)    If some buses have some connected lines to it and some are short and some are long lines.

4)    Some buses have large no. of lines and some buses have few no. of lines.
5)    Also, the selection of slack bus effect on load flow analysis. 

The ill condition leads to divergence which appear in forms:

-          Increase the no. of iterations.

-          The voltage values are out of normal range.

-         The instability characteristics of the system.

2-The well-conditions of power system

1)    The system isn't heavily loaded where there's no overload (over current) in any element and each element doesn't exceed its Pmax limit.

2)    All lines have a ratio R/X > 3 which is a reasonable ratio (good ratio) for each line.

3)    Buses have closest no. of connected lines where there are backup lines for each path.

4)    Select a suitable stack bus to give fast load flow.

The operation of power system is affected by many factors that change the performance of power system and affect the stability of operation and may cause transferring it from stability (normal) range to unstable region.

One of famous and important curves in power systems is P-d curve, where the normal operation usually occurs  in range d < 30°, at normal voltage rate:

       0.9 £ V_i £ 1.1              (p.u)

And we can improve the voltage profile of systems by using the compensator  to reach the level:

0.95 £ V £ 1.05                 (High quality operation)

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Ahmad Atiia

Hi. I’m Designer of Engineering Topics Blog. I’m Electrical Engineer And Blogger Specializing In Electrical Engineering Topics. I’m Creative.I’m Working Now As Maintenance Head Section In An Industrial Company.

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